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- The date of Radio establishment in Afghanistan:
The Kabul Radio based in Amanollah period (1920-1928), but began its formal activities in 1318.Afghanistan news agency named "Bakhtar agency "started in the same year.
The History of TV:
The TV station of Afghanistan established in Dawood Khan presidency period in 1332, but began its experimental activities in Hamal month of 1357 and was inaugurated officially in Asad-28 of 1357 on the anniversary of Afghanistan freedom from England,it had only one hour program every day,but it increased in 1358 to 4 hours and 45 minutes and in 1360 it increased to 5-45 and several other transmitters established in other provinces. The TV programs banned in 1375, when the Taliban occupied Kabul and after the fall of Taliban which took 5 years, the TV stations started again in 26/8/1380.
Cinemas in Afghanistan
The first cinema in Afghanistan opened in Amanollah khan period (1920-1928),but the exact date of it is not known, but according to documents cinemas started in Afghanistan during the years of 1299-1300.according to the government statistics there were 20 cinemas in whole of Afghanistan in 1349 and some more added a few years later. When the Taliban came to power all cinemas were closed and the films rolls were fired and some cinemas destroyed, but it is alleged that there are about 18 cinemas in whole of Afghanistan.
The date of press:
The first publication in Afghanistan called "Shamsonahar" was published by seyed Jamaliddin Afghani in 1873.
The second publication in Afghanistan called "Serajol Akhbar" was published in 1906 which was banned after the first issued published, it is interesting that 28 years had passed from the first publications "Shamsonahar"at that time.
The third publication in Afghanistan:
It was called "Serajol Atfal"for development of children mind and another one "Serajol Akhbar" which both together published by Mahmood Tarzi .these three publications had activities till Amanollah Khan Periods, but in Amanollah Khan Period, it increased to 21 more publications and in Nader Khan 7 publications added. In Zaher Shah Period 42 other publications added, but of course most of the previous publications were closed and the whole publications number reached to 105 in Dawood Khan Period.
Since Dawood Khan till the fall of the Taliban 700 publications published inside and outside of the Afghanistan. Of course most of those publications couldn't continue publishing, because of the financial problems. As Mr.Rahnavard Zaryab the advisor of culture ministry tolled that more than 178 publications are authorized to publish.
56 publications are governmental.21 publications are publishing without permission .there is 4 active news agencies and more than 360 publications are publishing in all over Afghanistan. How ever no one knows the exact numbers of publishing publications in Afghanistan.
At present:
When the transitional government of Afghanistan led by Hamed Karzia came to power and Afghanistan constitution approved and media freedom created in Afghanistan, instead of the government TV and Radio, three radios and two TV began their works .at the mean time nongovernmental radios are broadcasting on FM waves and BBC and VOA are broadcasting in most of the big cities in Afghanistan in Dari and Pashto all day long. "Ayene" TV channel is the first nongovernmental channels which is on satilite now and publish from Shiberghan city. After that Afghan and Tolo TV channels began to work, but about 7 TV channels have warranty to work, but have not started to work yet. It should remind that the programs of these channels are in a very level and most of the time they show the foreign films and shows in foreign languages.
The position of religion in Afghanistan Medias:
Afghanistan TV and Radios publish "Azan" more than 7 times from morning to night, but there are many deep religious programs .during the past year the deepest religious program which was published about Islam was the speech of Ayatolla Mohseni and some other clerics, but no religious serials or religious shows have been made in Afghanistan ,but some religious films like "Ashabe Kahf" made by Iran wos showed in Afghanistan. most of the TV and radio programs which publish in Afghanistan contains news-foreign films-music most of the time-entertainment and contests –political interviews and obituaries and etc…the quality and performing of the programs are very week. But there are very good articles about Islam in magazines and publications which are written by the writers who have studied in Islamic fields in countries like, Iran and Pakistan. Most of the Shiite publications write an anecdote (Hadis) from our prophet or other Shiite Imams in each issue. The same thing is done in some Sunnites publications which write some Hadis from the prophet of Abo hanife and Abo Harira.
The subject of some articles which I have read in the present publications of Afghanistan.
Islam and Secularism
Islam and Modernization
The rights of Women in Islam
And etc….
But there is no publication which woks professionally about religion .some articles are written against the Taliban ,but they cannot pay to this matters very much ,because the influence of Pashtons are very much in Afghanistan and will tell that these articles increase the racial differences. We can watch all foreign TV channels on Satellite ,but at least 99 percent of Afghan people can not afford to buy satellite an TV set. If they can buy them there is no electricity in all villages of Afghanistan.for instance there is no electricity intwo third of Kabul city.
The information was from Shenasnameye Afghanistan(by Dolat Abadi) book and some personal information.
Malek
Shafi'i |
